{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7a9da3e4-a34a-4fd6-983e-983283930b7f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![](https://datlinux.com/numpysuperposter.jpg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6d76525d-29d9-4508-afb1-fbceffd83725",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# About this guide\n",
    "\n",
    "This is the companion notebook to the [NUMPY SUPER POSTER](https://datlinux.com/numpy). The most comprehensive \"cheat sheet\" out there. There is no digital version of this poster, it's only available in print (large 24\" x 36\" format). Perfect to pin-up for easy reference. A great gift for the data science nerd.\n",
    "\n",
    "*Whilst all care for accuracy was taken, the information provided within this guide comes with absolutely no warranty. This guide is the intellectual property of LM Web Tech. (Australia), © Copyright 2023. Published by FadeOutPrint. Proudly accociated with DAT Linux (datlinux.com/numpy ) -- the data science OS.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9cbb607c-66d1-4e6c-aced-212c91a90cbd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Getting Started\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "9eef718a-6b05-4b2a-b3cb-c603c24436f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "e5329f89-08de-4b47-b1aa-a52ac62186af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'1.26.0'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.__version__ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "71ff8167-fcab-4c02-8f71-1bd379a21eab",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "class:  ndarray\n",
      "shape:  (1,)\n",
      "strides:  (8,)\n",
      "itemsize:  8\n",
      "aligned:  True\n",
      "contiguous:  True\n",
      "fortran:  True\n",
      "data pointer: 0x55d9fdc244b0\n",
      "byteorder:  little\n",
      "byteswap:  False\n",
      "type: int64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1])\n",
    "np.info(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "91a03fd8-8334-4f80-b330-0587eae7c8c4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Array Basics\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "60fefe5b-2275-4f65-a49f-78260fee207c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data types:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "8e5a4f16-f6b4-4929-beec-98b87925ca61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype([('name1', '<f8'), ('name2', '<i4')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 1: each field is specified with a name and type:\n",
    "np.dtype([('name1', np.float64), ('name2', np.int32)])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "92150ecb-af45-4a10-a166-40eceab06045",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype([('name1', '<f8'), ('name2', '<u4')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 2: specify names & formats as dicts:\n",
    "np.dtype({'names': ['name1', 'name2'], 'formats': ['f8', 'u4']})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "f94ab09c-a7d2-40bf-b321-a00e5e23649f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype([('f0', '<f8'), ('f1', '<u4')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 3: specify formats as string (where names not required):\n",
    "np.dtype('f8, u4')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "ff3a1e6f-c0e9-4795-abd5-89976800291e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(dtype('int64'), dtype('int64'), dtype('int64'))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.dtype(np.int_), np.dtype('int_'), np.dtype('l')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "24f5d5a6-140f-4781-b66e-ba6bc9828eac",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(dtype('int64'), dtype('int64'), dtype('int64'))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.dtype(np.int64), np.dtype('int64'), np.dtype('i8')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "ca8328b6-0b88-4272-b776-7f5fe2ed5617",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(dtype('int64'), dtype('int64'))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.dtype(int), np.dtype('int')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "efe1a12b-72a2-4578-a4c4-62745adf3276",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Compound types:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "0d680618-0131-4c89-b176-c3aa3a84cf27",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([], dtype=int64)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array([], dtype=np.int_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "6d914534-e751-48ce-a116-bdfea6729f74",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([], dtype=int64)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array([], dtype='int')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "576148bc-dd21-4d9e-a09e-f63cb10b6f3a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([], dtype=int16)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array([], dtype='h')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "af1dd818-3049-4ccf-8460-31e63a20a9d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Constants:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "fa850dd0-022a-44da-9e4c-10ebcaa4f57e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(nan, inf, 2.718281828459045, 3.141592653589793, None, 0.5772156649015329)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.nan, np.inf, np.e, np.pi, np.newaxis, np.euler_gamma"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9dbfa7b7-bd2d-4da0-a41b-f821f91aa2bb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Array Creation\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5cac975c-4e46-4dcf-a521-2c39b10d8a02",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create arrays using Python lists:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "222c228d-f68e-4423-a29d-15f53bf57729",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1, 2, 3])           # Create ndarray from array-like object\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "50fa7ead-bd74-45c9-ac90-94f5891f28c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1., 2.],\n",
       "       [3., 4.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([(1.0, 2), (3, 4)])  # 2-D array\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "eb9b57f7-5ffc-40b7-a52b-b1c3fbc79bd4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1., 2., 3.]], dtype=float32)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([(1, 2, 3)], dtype='f')\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "fc1447e3-e9ec-4341-937c-9039feb9f546",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1., 2.],\n",
       "       [3., 4.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = np.dtype('float')  \t          # More efficient if done often \n",
    "a = np.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], dtype=t)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a9b6cc5d-dae9-475e-b1c1-7836372d4798",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create an empty (unintialized) array:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "0dd77c02-8f76-497f-bdc9-3bdddd25fa97",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-2.00000000e+000,  6.95304147e-310]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.empty([1, 2])\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7de509e6-f0e8-4b79-8878-f747f2fc2c4b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create arrays filled with preferred values:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "1267844a-3959-4f88-a9e4-6a6b496156b1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0., 0., 0., 0.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.zeros(4)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "3683f494-6491-49f4-a690-8accc7f9e490",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.ones((2,2))\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "2a67e5ea-4263-46f0-818a-e695b6a60aad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[3, 4],\n",
       "       [3, 4]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.full((2,2), (3,4))\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e603db83-fe74-4d48-8226-c26876acf828",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create arrays filled with incremental sequences:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "924caa5a-4b63-4304-b262-d4e50f44c1af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0., 1., 2., 3., 4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.arange(0., 5, 1)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "98e1c15c-a2f1-4e9d-a06c-425a744b182b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0., 2., 4., 6.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.linspace(0, 6, 4)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "cc306be1-c85d-4b4d-9352-0601466a546b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([  1.        ,   4.64158883,  21.5443469 , 100.        ])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.logspace(0, 2, 4)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dcf4d34b-da63-4838-9e70-a80e40cd5f44",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create arrays filled with random/distributed values using `numpy.random` :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "0476ed30-368d-4895-acab-f7ac7cdbecdc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "np.random.seed(42) # Ensure same values are reproduced, if required"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "b2a40dff-edf6-4d74-82f4-186a14b270d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.37454012],\n",
       "       [0.95071431]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.random.random((2,1))# 2x1 array; random values in the range 0. <= 1.\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "ab1cc6b3-672a-4bc8-a802-189d2d16296f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[8, 5, 2, 4],\n",
       "       [7, 0, 4, 8],\n",
       "       [8, 5, 2, 1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.random.randint(-2, 10, (3,4))# 3x4 array; random int values in the range –2 <= 10\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "e9d69853-6f76-437e-91c6-c0eb4531ea17",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 3.9257975 , -9.29184667,  0.79831812, -1.59516502],\n",
       "       [ 0.22221827, -4.27792914, -5.3181741 , -1.17475502],\n",
       "       [ 2.22078902, -7.67976502,  1.42464602, -0.34652184]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.random.normal(0, 10, (3,4))# 3x4 array; random normal values in the range 0. <= 10.\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "3f7317f8-ec83-488b-bdc2-98b3b5c7f4c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.random.standard_normal((3,4))# 3x4 array; range of random values in the standard normal distribution"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5e158e2e-7306-446e-8cb9-9a19f537886b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create arrays from other arrays or array-like objects :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "cb8f2915-85d8-4dc2-a95e-06e8b31d89de",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 1.13433927, -0.10474555, -0.52512285,  1.91277127],\n",
       "       [-2.02671962,  1.11942361,  0.77919263, -1.10109776],\n",
       "       [ 1.13022819,  0.37311891, -0.38647295, -1.15877024]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.asarray(a) # Create array from array-like object, creates new copy if a is ndarray\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "9a2615e9-0376-4400-852c-c43dcfabbec5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.ones_like(a) # Array of 1s with the same dimensions as the array-like input\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "d69d39fe-b534-4378-8674-c848b9ad8dfd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.zeros_like(a) # Array of 0s with the same dimensions as the array-like input\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "9a4bb757-e507-4582-854d-31f9a89c6ab4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.full_like(a, 0) # Array of preferred values with the same dimensions as array-like input\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "ee503454-9e97-4a20-9541-6ec5d29f99a1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.empty_like(a) # Empty (meaningless) array with the same dimensions as array-like input\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "c4c9b8b0-e4a3-4801-b7e6-e5791de46a1a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 1,  0,  0,  1],\n",
       "       [-2,  1,  0, -1],\n",
       "       [ 1,  0,  0, -1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = a.astype(np.int_) # Cast to different type (creates a copy of the array)\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "02710b2e-a2f9-48e6-9f05-52bf3c8a7fbf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 1.13433927, -0.10474555, -0.52512285,  1.91277127],\n",
       "       [-2.02671962,  1.11942361,  0.77919263, -1.10109776],\n",
       "       [ 1.13022819,  0.37311891, -0.38647295, -1.15877024]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = a.copy() # Also works with subsetting, eg: a[1:].copy()\n",
    "b = np.copy(a)\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "75ddcb52-b0f1-4f22-8f79-4f01c6707fb9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1., 2., 3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = '1,2,3'\n",
    "a = np.fromstring(s, sep=',') # Accepts a string that can be parsed using a relevant separator\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "da9d7a50-e3eb-4313-8c61-1b3ce8374034",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Creating common matrices (2-D arrays) :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "5b8e546f-3b7d-4343-a153-8c69a49ce1f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 0, 0],\n",
       "       [0, 1, 0],\n",
       "       [0, 0, 1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.identity(n=3, dtype=int)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "f444c01b-b3bd-41f5-9484-a5ca952f92b7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 0, 0],\n",
       "       [0, 2, 0],\n",
       "       [0, 0, 3]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.diag([1, 2, 3])\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "0e7874e9-d6c6-4bd9-8043-40b70d821329",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0., 1., 0.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 1.],\n",
       "       [0., 0., 0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.eye(N=3, k=1)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "779eb9b1-3e3d-4cc6-b5cc-d92e60875e41",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 1, 1],\n",
       "       [4, 2, 1],\n",
       "       [9, 3, 1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.vander([1, 2, 3])\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "11fd6b12-af14-4a5a-aeb3-7ee477ef0a97",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Structured arrays :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "04f6968c-d8df-474f-ba15-34cfde158483",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('Alice', 25)\n",
      "Bob\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = np.dtype([('name', 'U20'), ('age', int)]) # Compound type\n",
    "a = np.array([('Alice', 25), ('Bob', 30)], dtype=t)\n",
    "print(a[0])\n",
    "# ('Alice', 25)\n",
    "print(a['name'][1])\n",
    "# 'Bob'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c2b937e7-7ac9-48e4-b27a-d8c5bcb71ea1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Other ways to create arrays :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6e157492-7650-4565-96fe-ccd64ea371d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`a = np.fromfile(f)                # Array from text or binary file`\n",
    "\n",
    "`a = np.loadtxt(f, delimiter=',')  # Load array from text file`\n",
    "\n",
    "`a = np.load(p)                    # Load array from Python pickle`\n",
    "\n",
    "`a = np.fromstring(s, sep=',')     # 1-D array from a string`\n",
    "\n",
    "`a = np.genfromtxt(a, ...)         # Laod text with tidying capabilites`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6f395d65-af4b-4543-b798-50f567b48784",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Array Inspection\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "9ec9db4f-7df5-4fbb-8443-5fd1fbbd1ce9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([(1., 2.), (3., 4.)])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "6dbeea6a-9669-450d-95a6-4a0d3c3ef7a2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "5957acd5-8b65-40dd-8c2a-f3b196d5f6bc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.ndim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "317dfe7b-9115-45b8-8854-7e8599b1fca9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.size"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "ad22f91a-efa0-4515-9de7-870351864e08",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.itemsize"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "7bfbc1e7-b613-4900-9d6b-8adfe2e8d811",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype('float64')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.dtype # Or np.dtype(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "4a61af32-d139-47a6-b71d-0652c0a910af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'float64'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.dtype.name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "id": "67560674-6e18-43e4-af4e-f0d8f4070ed3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'d'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.dtype.char"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "ec112053-7a67-4a38-bd50-a98c69f1f6b0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.dtype.num"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "acbeb650-9827-4af6-8f6d-841ad76a83e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Input & Output\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a224be91-dbeb-42ca-a7dd-378e9381433f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`np.save('/path/to/file.npy', a=arr) # a = np.load('/path/to/file.npy')`\n",
    "\n",
    "`np.savez('file.npz', a=arr, b=arr2) # load() into d, then a = d['a']`\n",
    "\n",
    "`np.savez_compressed('file_n.npz', a=arr) # Uncompress on load()`\n",
    "\n",
    "`np.savetxt('/path/to/file.csv', a, delimeter=',') # Read with loadtxt(), or numpy.genfromtxt() to deal with missing values`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "68d48d46-3597-471f-9e15-d09aabd37800",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Array Selection & Modification\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5bedcbaa-d677-4040-94fd-77391264f7ef",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Common indexing & slicing; 1-D arrays:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "307d0944-d47f-4e50-addc-210ef234d474",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "68740413-d242-4c5b-b41a-b0f72181e663",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "ae67b424-1400-41bb-9f73-0b6214a5f61e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "00ec930d-b266-4030-adb5-3db1c5e1d077",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "id": "73e091e2-b616-4053-9211-1bd8ab4993d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[0:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "fda19620-f4f9-487a-954a-f01ce9ce4f54",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1:-2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "ea687707-a7d5-4d99-b039-4b2a8ca36eee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3, 4])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "id": "721f5f6d-62c5-438b-91b3-9e89ee7c03a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([3, 4])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[2:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "id": "ed739853-8a49-4c81-accd-25482f17a27e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:2]\n",
    "a[:-2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "id": "1089d402-ba7e-4ca1-854a-2d3bebec0d77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[0:3:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "id": "3d4d7ad0-a147-44f7-8cbc-f7deb3754e43",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[::2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "id": "61565a0d-93b6-4cd6-9476-da3ec9364fbc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([4, 3, 2, 1])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "id": "2c7de93e-050f-4b3f-a031-0002dba3becf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 9, 3, 4])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1] = 9\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "id": "b1a726ad-0b61-410c-8cb2-37bf0eca7b6f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([8, 9, 3, 4])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[0:2] = [8, 9]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "id": "5de0507d-301e-4859-be05-282688a04251",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([9, 9, 9, 9])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:] = 9\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "id": "8dcb5641-2ef7-4526-8cd6-70da28e4aef4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([9, 9, 8, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[2:] = 8\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "id": "76901029-8f6e-48bf-9d02-f6c879700aa8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0, 9, 1, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[::2] = [0, 1]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "id": "278d0293-27ee-43c6-b0ab-0e1580907350",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 9, 2, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[::2] = [1, 2]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9226f590-7d42-463e-8fba-75822da6374a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Common indexing & slicing; n-D arrays:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "b9e355a3-be04-41ba-b55d-09b61c16cdbd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "id": "bcabf249-08a9-46bf-9173-642b4ec59e76",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2, 5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:,1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "id": "8a8d3790-f54f-4d28-8866-057f8f501486",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([4, 5, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1,:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "id": "fa81d40d-83ab-45fc-bff9-750b7c42b4c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 3],\n",
       "       [4, 6]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 73,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:,::2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "id": "47e290c7-f4c7-4456-aca1-e096e244fa8c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1,2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "id": "6b4761dc-c5ee-4db1-b1f6-cf754045f364",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[(1,2)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "id": "dcb330c0-bbbd-4bb2-ac5a-945b8ff76744",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 2, 8],\n",
       "       [4, 5, 9]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:,2] = [8,9]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "37fd57b8-bc1d-4e50-9477-cb40102d6a06",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Fancy indexing:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "id": "b90b4885-5774-414e-ba9f-8e0e16452ba7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.])\n",
    "b = np.array([1,2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "id": "74ce2426-05a8-4dec-8caa-3f49866591bc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1., 2., 3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[[0,1,2]]  # List of indexes to match"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "id": "490215ee-c6b0-41b5-bba9-b633f19a02b2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2., 3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[b]        # Array of indexes to match"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "id": "bf87d7de-0465-4ea1-80ee-91bbeb7acdcb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "id": "3c0045c3-a14e-4116-a55d-cc93f2fdbe39",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[2., 3.],\n",
       "       [5., 6.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[:,[1,2]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "05c304af-5112-4469-a20c-33608d159df1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Boolean-expression indexing:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "id": "6db505b2-9f5c-498e-8cdf-937488e8d44d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.])\n",
    "b = (a < 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "id": "0561b27f-65f4-4e0e-82b7-4c3320269c18",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1., 4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[[True, False, False, True]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "id": "992833bd-2268-431f-83e2-18b4c5b15c13",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2., 3., 4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[~b]  # Invert the boolean expression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "id": "7d484e0c-446b-4063-8003-e68e680bb86d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([3., 4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 85,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[a>2] "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "id": "5548fbd6-ce9b-4431-bb7c-60a639d39c75",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2., 3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[a//2==1]      # Combining arithmetic with boolean expression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "98b38137-7709-4619-b3ca-698ea82aef4a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Array Computation\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "05badd33-7c95-4d6b-a032-48e9b0ce4d52",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Unary Ufuncs (operating on a single array): "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "id": "1f4a3228-6bfb-4467-b4fc-daa19702fb5f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1, 2, 3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "id": "f716db2d-21b6-47e5-90fb-150330f6c6af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 88,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.abs(np.array([-1, 2, -3]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "id": "3b16b550-d33c-4590-a916-2abff04f2ec5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([-2.,  2.,  3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.floor(np.array([-1.3, 2, 3.8]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "id": "8206b443-749f-4411-8732-47a45f798aa6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([-1.,  2.,  4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.rint(np.array([-1.3, 2, 3.8]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "id": "983fc65f-9977-4284-86e7-adb10be6aab8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([3., 4., 2.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 91,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sqrt(np.array([9, 16, 4]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "id": "62ab87d3-04a9-4615-adc1-31fdbd805788",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2.71828183, 7.3890561 ])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 92,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.exp(np.array([1, 2]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "id": "9f9f6adb-48c9-4ba1-a81c-c8ddd60d6c4c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2., 3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 93,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.log10(np.array([100, 1000]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "id": "bc698b62-584b-400e-8cd7-8a5e3a00f86a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([-1.,  1.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 94,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sign(np.array([-2., 2.5]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "id": "f64116a1-dc8e-4adb-b312-5fb70a2fe3d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([ 0. , -0.1]), array([ 1., -2.]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.modf(np.array([1, -2.1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "id": "5445ebb9-7280-4fac-9d79-5b66348f8799",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([False,  True])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 96,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.isnan(np.array([1, np.nan]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "id": "c1791c32-ee25-4fe3-9bc0-9e6ec33702a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0.        , 0.84147098])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sin(np.array([0, 1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "id": "90850d64-508b-426b-a56f-4fceb4965e9f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0.        , 1.17520119])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 98,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sinh(np.array([0, 1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "id": "da8aea4f-89c1-4be6-a836-d63171007001",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0.        , 1.57079633])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 99,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.arcsin(np.array([0, 1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "id": "0b60adb2-b671-4d00-be6e-5f25ae137745",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0.        , 0.88137359])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.arcsinh(np.array([0, 1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "id": "acca0de4-f3c7-4e5f-9ba7-a0750c39dee4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 9])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.where(a < 3, a , a * 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "id": "86adf840-d172-4263-a74e-d90ea0970901",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([False,  True,  True])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 102,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.logical_not(a<2) | ~(a<2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "id": "f797b40e-6960-427b-baa6-d2238e072958",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2., 4.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 103,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.imag(np.array([1+2j, 3+4j]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0d7b821c-87a3-4472-9384-84816c4030ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Binary Ufuncs: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "id": "3b4d0c2a-333e-4211-9f71-95f5ccbd9bea",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([1, 2, 3])\n",
    "b = np.array([4, 5, 6])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "id": "0a38a790-86c5-439d-8d51-22dca84ab4be",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([5, 7, 9])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 105,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.add(a, b) # a + b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "id": "d1a21120-4eff-44fd-af5d-3a50f8b1fc4c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 4, 10, 18])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 106,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = a.copy()\n",
    "c *= b\n",
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "id": "ce1862dd-4611-401c-b55c-d6ad68e41cf2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0, 0, 0])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 107,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.floor_divide(a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "id": "3f03d7e3-bb50-404d-8ddf-9ea67d01ed7a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0, 1, 0])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 108,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.remainder(b, a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "id": "ab48fcb6-cbb4-44e3-94cc-505f70c2b879",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([4, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 0]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 109,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.divmod(b, a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "id": "709fde5a-d431-48cf-b365-642fede92e10",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([  1,  32, 729])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 110,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.power(a, b) # a ** b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "id": "d62fb020-c8a4-43a9-a71f-c368437030d4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([4, 5, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 111,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.maximum(a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "id": "4b543d5d-476e-45bf-88f1-50ff904ef9e6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([-1., -2., -3.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 112,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.copysign(a, -1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "id": "d172bc4d-c099-47bb-95ee-47f7fed90540",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ True,  True,  True])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 113,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.greater(b, a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "95556fe8-eec1-4ea6-8b70-097d32e969fc",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Broadcasting (binary operations with arrays of dissimilar dimension):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "id": "e08c2b6d-1f8c-4c84-a7cd-45553360ce22",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2, 4, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 114,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array([1, 2, 3]) * 2    #  =>  [1, 2, 3] * [2]  =>  [1, 2, 3] * [2, 2, 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "id": "966f6037-dd7e-433f-8b91-96133f0571fd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 2,  4,  6],\n",
       "       [ 8, 10, 12]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 115,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array([[1, 2, 3],       #  =>  [1, 2, 3]        =>  [1, 2, 3]   [2, 2, 2]\n",
    "          [4, 5 ,6]]) * 2  #      [4, 5, 6] * [2]      [4, 5, 6] * [2, 2, 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "id": "0866958c-f363-46f5-a6c4-2d159769ed08",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 2.,  4.,  6.],\n",
       "       [12., 15., 18.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 116,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.multiply(np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]),   #  =>  [1, 2, 3]    [2., 2., 2.]\n",
    "            np.array([[2.], [3.]]) )            #      [4, 5, 6] *  [3., 3., 3.]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9c38765d-3f26-4322-8384-74955194a8df",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## More logic operations:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 117,
   "id": "f7d32046-3925-4ade-b160-e37e89090f9a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 117,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])\n",
    "np.array_equal([1,1],[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 118,
   "id": "96dee3f5-49cd-4ff7-8fef-b9b70c984e17",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 118,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array_equiv([1,1],[1]) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "id": "bbff703e-7b5a-43ad-ac58-43c54553ee61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[99,  4],\n",
       "       [ 6,  8]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 119,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.select([a>1], [a*2], 99)  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b3385b7a-d564-4af9-9a5f-2b320eb1ffb5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Statistical operations:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "id": "69fc89a2-5976-4817-8ace-22014f26a4bb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 120,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])\n",
    "np.mean(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "id": "a7599c87-2e02-43a9-8f2b-f8c2d07b9634",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1.5, 3.5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 121,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.mean(a, axis=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "42db1339-6d89-4c28-b298-5f67bb810dad",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Array Transformation\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "id": "7f53965d-e872-4c51-aa42-94b661d76cf3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "id": "63239222-4851-4adc-b232-e4fc62703ca2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 4],\n",
       "       [2, 5],\n",
       "       [3, 6]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 123,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.transpose(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 124,
   "id": "eca6a4d6-04d7-44ea-bee7-37423cb8dd7b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 2],\n",
       "       [3, 4],\n",
       "       [5, 6]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 124,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.reshape(a, (3,2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "id": "f68d31d8-0b6f-4d70-9176-6385f1dd593e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 125,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.ravel(a, order='F')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 126,
   "id": "024c9d7a-67f4-4546-9ee0-9641ec94e6f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[6, 5, 4],\n",
       "       [3, 2, 1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 126,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.flip(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 127,
   "id": "96bab9e5-930b-4b28-882a-bf99b4ca4408",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[4, 5, 6],\n",
       "       [1, 2, 3]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 127,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.flip(a, 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "61687ce7-329e-4d34-919b-649cc3ead71b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Combining & splitting:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 128,
   "id": "6652721d-cad5-4988-b5f2-17ddb069352f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])\n",
    "b = np.array([[7, 8, 9]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 129,
   "id": "cc04d75e-bc75-4715-a33f-00fba53115e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 2, 3],\n",
       "       [4, 5, 6],\n",
       "       [7, 8, 9]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 129,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.concatenate((a, b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 130,
   "id": "d1ae99a1-3a27-43a2-a8c5-8e0b46c34657",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[array([1, 2, 3]), array([4, 5, 6])]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 130,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = np.ravel(a)\n",
    "np.split(c, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "id": "b946e88d-1f95-4408-8d21-77c5206e0c0e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[array([1, 2, 3]), array([4, 5, 6])]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = np.ravel(a)\n",
    "np.split(c, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 132,
   "id": "3c258a8b-e0af-429d-bde5-587865413432",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 132,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.concatenate((a, b), axis=None)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 133,
   "id": "8443827f-926c-4547-b7d8-f9b74949ee88",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 2, 3],\n",
       "       [7, 8, 9]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 133,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = np.array(\n",
    "  [7,8,9])\n",
    "np.stack((a[0],d))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 134,
   "id": "9ca1dbd0-fc1f-4527-afa5-119da1a26f55",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[4, 5, 6],\n",
       "       [7, 8, 9]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 134,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.stack((a[1], d))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1eeb98d4-e83c-4690-83b9-a54defe6597e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Sorting & searching:\n",
    "___ "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "id": "6032a351-d8de-470c-bcd2-510ac60d027f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = np.array([[4, 2, 1], [3, 6, 5]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "id": "37202d16-1259-4910-8e22-3e56a48794b9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[1, 2, 4],\n",
       "       [3, 5, 6]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 136,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sort(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "id": "7e16e2d8-d1de-4b92-817c-a816eb5f82ef",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[2, 1, 0],\n",
       "       [0, 2, 1]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 137,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.argsort(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "id": "9a2da8b9-a7b3-4a5f-9ec4-c1dd7e7e5c76",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 138,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sort(a, axis=None)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 139,
   "id": "1198e1eb-8594-420b-beaf-329f40feb0d5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[3, 2, 1],\n",
       "       [4, 6, 5]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 139,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sort(a, axis=0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 140,
   "id": "363de336-35f4-44cd-8993-5b865740f283",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([0, 1])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 140,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.argmax(a,axis=1)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
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